A FAITH BASED INTEGRATED RECOVERY
PROGRAM: FROM ADDICTION TO
NEW IDENTITY. Figures……………………………………………………..........................… List of Abbreviations......................................................................................... Abstract……………………………………………………………….....…... Chapter One: LAYOUT OF THE DISSERTATION................................. 1. Background to the Study………………………………………………... 2. Central Problem…………………………………………………………. 3. Purpose of the Study………………………………………………......... 4. Research Questions……………………………………………….......... 5. The Researcher…………………………………………………….......... 6. Definitions of Key Terms…………………………………………….... 7. Assumptions of the Study…………………………………………....... 8. Limitations of the Study…………………………………………….......... 9. Importance of the Study………………………………………………… 10. Research Methodology……………………………………................... Chapter Two: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………...……… 1. Literature Reviewed…………………………………………....…….… . a. Addiction and Grace: Love and Spirituality in the Healing of
Addictions…………......................................................................... .
b. The Dark Night of the Soul: A Psychiatrist Explores
the Connection Between Darkness and Spiritual Growth………... .....
c. The Spiritual Brain: A Neuroscientist’s Case for the
Existence of the Soul……………………………….….................…
d. Not the Way It’s Supposed to Be: A Breviary of Sin………............ .. e. Uppers, Downers, All Arounders: Physical and Mental Effects of Psychoactive Drugs………………………………............ f. The Brain that Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science………………................. g. Organic Community: Creating a Place where People Naturally Connect………………………………………....……...... h. No Other Gods: The Modern Struggle Against Idolatry……......….… 2. Resource Guide / Key References…………………………... …......... Chapter Three: UNDERSTANDING ADDICTION……………….... 1. Defining Addiction…………………………………………………......... 2. The Role of the Brain in Addiction……………………………...… 3. The Role of Neurotransmitters in Addiction…………………….……. 4. Summary of the Role of the Brain and Neurotransmitters………… 5. The Role of Heredity in Addiction………………………………....... 6. The Role of Environment in Addiction……………………………...... a. Diet and Nutrition in Addiction……………………………........... b. The Role of Family in Addiction……………………………… c. The Role of Community in Addiction………………….……....... d. The Role of Schools in Addiction……………………………… e. The Role of Peers in Addiction…………………………....…........ 7. The Use of Psychoactive Drugs and Addiction……………….….......... 8. Addiction as Sin……………………………………………… a. Secular View of Morality and Addiction…………………..……. b. A Brief Theology of Sin and Addiction………….………….…… c. Alcohol Abuse in the New Testament………………………....... d. Will and Warfare Between Flesh and the Human Spirit………… 9. The Role of PAWS and Relapse in Addiction………………….......... 10. Addiction and Attachment………………………………………........ 11. Addiction as Idolatry……………………………………….……........ 12. Religious Addiction………………………………………………….... 13. Addiction as Slavery…………………………………………...…….. Chapter Four: TREATING ADDICTION IN A CHURCH SETTING……… 1. Pastoring Addiction………………………………………….....… a. Hitting a Bottom………………………………………….......... b. Intervention…………………………………………….…......... c. Stages of Addiction……………………………………….......... d. Medical Issues in Recovery………………………………......... e. Pastoral Recovery Team………………………………………... 2. Individual Recovery and 12-Step Programs………………..…......... 3. The Church as a Culture of Recovery………………………….......... a. The Dynamics of Identity…………………………….…..……. b. Belonging…………………………………………………......... (1) Public Space………………………………...…….......... (2) Cultural / Social Space…………………………............. (3) Personal Space…………………………………………. (4) Intimate Space…………………………………….......... c. Recovering Identity from Addiction……………………............. (1) Spatial Factors in Addiction…………..…….….......... (2) Spatial Factors in Recovry……………………….......... 4. Conclusion……………………………………………………………….. Appendix A: Celebrate Freedom…………………………………………………. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………. IF YOU WOULD LIKE A COPY OF THIS DISSERTATION, SEND ME AN EMAIL AND I WILL SEND IT TO YOU AS AN ATTACHMENT.
RECOMMENDED READING
Alcoholics Anonymous. 4th ed. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Service, 2001.
________. Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions. New York, NY: A.A. World Services, Inc., 1953.
Alexander, Bruce K. The Globalization of Addiction: A Study in Poverty of the Spirit. Oxford, New York: Oxford Press, 2008.
Arterburn, Stephen, and Jack Felton. Toxic Faith: Experiencing Healing from Painful Spiritual Abuse. Colorado Springs: WaterBrook, 1991.
B., Dick. The Good Book and the Big Book: A.A.’s Roots in the Bible. Kehei, HI: Paradise Research Publications, 2nd ed., 1998.
Banister, Ross. A Faith Based Integrated Recovery Program: From Addiction to New Identity D.Min. Product: Western Seminary, 2010.
Beauregard, Mario, and Denyse O'Leary. The Spiritual Brain: A Neuroscientist's Case for the Existence of the Soul. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.
Bibby, ReginaldWayne. Unknown Gods: The Ongoing Story of Religion in Canada. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Bradshaw, John. Healing the Shame That Binds You. Deerfield Beach, FLA: Health Communications, Inc. 1988.
Brown, Stephanie. Treating the Alcoholic: A Developmental Model of Recovery. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
Doidge, Norman. The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science. New York: Penguin, 2007.
Gorski, Terrence and Merlene Miller. Staying Sober: A Guide for Relapse Prevention. Independence MI: Herald House/Independence Press, 1986.
Hopkins, B. Wayne. Toward a Theology of the Tabernacle: Recovery from Egypt, Slavery, and Scars. PS6603 Syllabus: Pastoral Counseling: Moody Theological Seminary, 2009.
Hunter, James Davison. To Change the World: The Irony, Tragedy, and Possibility of Christianity in the Late Modern World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Inaba, Darryl S., and William E. Cohen. Uppers, Downers, All Arounders: Physical and Mental Effects of Psychoactive Drugs. 6th ed. Ashland OR: CNS, 2000.
Keller, Timothy. Counterfeit Gods: The Empty Promises of Money, Sex and Power and the Only Hope that Matters. New York: Penguin Press, 2009.
Kurtz, Ernest, and Katherine Ketcham. The Spirituality of Imperfection: Story Telling and the Search for Meaning. New York: Bantam, 2002.
Mate, Gabor. How Attention Deficit Disorder Originates and What You Can Do About It. New York: Penguin Putnam, 1999.
_________ & Peter A. Levine. In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction. Berkeley CA: North Atlantic Books, 2010.
May, Gerald G. Addiction and Grace: Love and Spirituality in the Healing of Addictions. New York: HarperCollins, 1988.
_________. The Dark Night of the Soul: A Psychiatrist Explores the Connection Between Darkness and Spiritual Growth. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.
Meyers, Robert J. and Brenda L. Wolfe: Get Your Loved Ones Sober: Alternatives to Nagging, Pleading, and Threatening. Hazelden 2004.
Myers, Joseph R. Organic Community: Creating a Place Where People Naturally Connect. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2007.
_________. The Search to Belong: Rethinking Intimacy, Community, and Small Groups. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2003.
Plantinga Jr., Cornelius. Not The Way It’s Supposed To Be: A Breviary of Sin. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdman’s Publishing, 1995.
Shenk, David W. Global Gods: Exploring the Role of Religions in Modern Societies. Scottdale PA: Herald Press, 1995.
Stackhouse Jr., John G. Making the Best of It: Following Christ in the Real World. New York: Oxford Press, 2008.
Willard, Dallas. Renovation of the Heart: Putting on the Character of Christ. Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2002.
________. The Spirit of the Disciplines: Understanding How God Changes Lives. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1988
Willoughby, Jason. Pastoring in an Addictive Age: Changing How We Do Ministry When Everybody's Sick. D.Min product: Western Seminary, 2008.
CONVERSING WITH GOD
DEFINING ADDICTION
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Addiction is a primary, progressive, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over use of the substance, preoccupation with the substance, use of the substance despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking. (JAMA)
Addiction: a progressive disease process characterized by loss of control over use, obsession with use, continued use despite adverse consequences, denial that there are problems, and a powerful tendency to relapse. (Darryl Inaba).
Not all addictions are to drugs or alcohol. People can be seriously addicted to gambling, even to running. All addicts show a loss of control of the activity, compulsively seek it out despite negative consequences, develop tolerance so that they need higher and higher levels of stimulation for satisfaction, and experience withdrawal if they can’t consummate the addictive act. All addiction involves long-term, sometimes lifelong, neuroplastic change in the brain. For addicts, moderation is impossible and they must avoid the substance or activity completely if they are to avoid addictive behaviors. (Norman Doidge)
Addiction is any compulsive, habitual behavior that limits the freedom of human desire. It is caused by the attachment, or nailing, of desire to specific objects. (There are)…five essential characteristics that mark true addiction: tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, self-deception, loss of will power, and distortion of attention. (Gerald G. May)
Any repeated behavior, substance related or not, in which a person feels compelled to persist, regardless of its negative impact on his life and the lives of others. The distinguishing features of any addiction are compulsion, preoccupation, impaired control, persistence, relapse, and craving. (Gabor Mate)
Conventional wisdom is that drug and alcohol abuse are the prototypical addictions. The historical perspective views addiction as a societal problem. It is seen as a symptom of dislocation. This is the breakdown of the cultural integrity of every segment of its population and the lack of a rebuilding of a new replacement culture. (Bruce Alexander)
Addiction is a primary, progressive, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over use of the substance, preoccupation with the substance, use of the substance despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking. (Robert M. Morse & Daniel K. Flavin)
Addiction has been extended, however, to include mood-altering behaviors or activities. Some researchers speak of two types of addictions: substance addictions (for example, alcoholism, drug abuse and smoking); and process addictions (for example, gambling, spending, shopping, eating, and sexual activity). There is a growing recognition that many addicts, such as polydrug abusers, are addicted to more than one substance or process. Using drugs repeatedly over time changes brain structure and function in fundamental and long-lasting ways. Addiction comes about through an array of changes in the brain and the strengthening of new memory connections. Evidence suggests that those long-lasting brain changes are responsible for the distortions of cognitive and emotional functioning that characterize addicts, particularly the compulsion to use drugs. Although the causes of addiction remain the subject of ongoing debate and research, many experts now consider addiction to be a brain disease: a condition caused by persistent changes in brain structure and function. However, having this brain disease does not absolve the addict of responsibility for his or her behavior, but it does explain why many addicts cannot stop using drugs by sheer force of will alone. (The Medical Dictionary)
Addiction is a complex, progressive, injurious, and, often, disabling attachment to a substance (alcohol, heroin, barbiturates) or behavior (sex, work, gambling) in which a person compulsively seeks a change of mood. The addictor might be a good staple of life, such as food and drink, or a vice such as voyeurism. It might be almost anything, if one defines addiction loosely enough. (Cornelius Plantinga)
For our purpose, we will define addiction as a habit that has gone unconscious; a compulsive ritual that is no longer a choice; a psychological or physical attachment to the object, often characterized by withdrawal, or intensity of symptoms, when the object is removed. Focus on the object of addiction causes an interference with the normal social, occupational, recreational, emotional, spiritual, and physical aspects of a person’s life. There is a minimizing, or blatant denial, of the abuse or pain resulting from this focus, and there remains a continue involvement with the object in spite of negative consequences. (Brenda Schaeffer)
Drug addiction is a state of periodic and chronic intoxication detrimental to the individual and to society, produced by the repeated consumption of a drug (natural or synthetic). Its characteristics include: (1) An overpowering desire or need (compulsion) to continue taking the drug and to obtain it by any means; (2) A tendency to increase the dose; (3) A psychic (psychological) and sometimes a physical dependence on the effects of the drug. (Morris Ploscowe)
(We can)…define addiction as an unstable state of being, marked by a compulsion to deny all that you are or have been in favor of some new and ecstatic experience. (Stanton Peele)
Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social, and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance abuse and other behaviors.
Addiction is characterized by inability to consistently abstain, impairment in behavior control, craving, diminished recognition of significant problems with one's behaviors and interpersonal relationships, and a dysfunctional emotional response. Like other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of relapse and remission. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is progressive and can result in disability or premature death. (ASAM American Society of Addiction Medicine) 8-15-11
Addiction is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social, and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance abuse and other behaviors.
Addiction is characterized by inability to consistently abstain, impairment in behavior control, craving, diminished recognition of significant problems with one's behaviors and interpersonal relationships, and a dysfunctional emotional response. Like other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of relapse and remission. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is progressive and can result in disability or premature death. (ASAM American Society of Addiction Medicine) 8-15-11
A DIAGRAM OF ADDICTION
HARM
REDUCTION
Helps prevent unnecessary hospitalizations due to preventable infections and diseases. It is trying to keep people alive and healthy while working to engage them in treatment for their addiction. It is doing things for others what they are unable to do for themselves.
InSite
(Downtown Eastside (DTES) of Vancouver is a neighborhood with 4,600 injection drug users. Of them, it’s estimated that 87 per cent have Hepatitis C, and 17 per cent have HIV.)
45 minute CBC documentary (takes you inside)
(Downtown Eastside (DTES) of Vancouver is a neighborhood with 4,600 injection drug users. Of them, it’s estimated that 87 per cent have Hepatitis C, and 17 per cent have HIV.)
45 minute CBC documentary (takes you inside)
A Christian Defense of InSite:
http://www.christianweek.org/features.php?id=85
Regent Lecture by Dr. Stackhouse & Meera (10-05-11)
http://www.livestream.com/regentcollege/video?clipId=pla_d6c78a39-290c-4b68-88da-1ec0be0fd8a0&utm_source=lslibrary&utm_medium=ui-thumb
InSite Statistics
Regent Lecture by Dr. Stackhouse & Meera (10-05-11)
http://www.livestream.com/regentcollege/video?clipId=pla_d6c78a39-290c-4b68-88da-1ec0be0fd8a0&utm_source=lslibrary&utm_medium=ui-thumb
InSite Statistics
Usage:
• 750 – 800 visits per day• 257,575 visits per year
Insite Participants:
• 27% of clients are women
• 19% of clients are Aboriginal
• 17% of clients are homeless
• 68% of clients live in the Downtown Eastside (DTES)
• 80% of clients have a history of incarceration
• 73% of users have injected in public before
Drug use:
• Heroin was used in 42% of injections
• Cocaine was used in 26% of injections
• Morphine was used in 11% of injections
HIV/Hepatitis C:
• 3 in 10 injection drug users in the DTES are HIV positive
• 18% of Insite clients are HIV positive
• 30 new HIV cases in the DTES in 2006 compared to 2,100 cases in 1996
• Lifetime costs for a new HIV infection are close to $500,000 USD
• 9 in 10 injection drug users in the DTES have Hepatitis C
Harm Reduction At Insite
• Number of overdose interventions: 2395. Number of deaths: 0
• 3,862 first aid and medical care interventions
• 2,269 referrals to social and health services (40% made to addiction counselling)
• Insite users are 2x as likely to engage in addiction treatment than non-Insite users
Benefits to the Health Care System:
Benefit of prevented HIV infections deaths is calculated to be between $1.50 and $4.02, depending on model used, for every dollar spent. Calculations are based on an underestimate of the full range of benefits and an overestimate of the annual costs of operation of the facility. In 2008, an economic analysis showed that there were incremental net savings of $18 million and 1175 life-years over 10 years of facility operation.
2009 Statistics:
. 1.5 Million visits since we first opened in 2003
. 12,000 clients registered at the facility.
· 276,178 visits to the site by 5,447 unique individuals
· An average of 702 visits daily, up to a maximum of 1,171 visits daily
· An average of 491 injections daily
· 484 overdose interventions with no fatalities
· 2,492 clinical treatment interventions
- 6,242 referrals to other social and health services, the vast majority of them were for
detoxification and treatment for addiction.
· 411 admissions to OnSite detox (55% completion rate)
· InSite's operational budget was $2,946,610 in 2008-2009.
More than 80% of Vancouver Coastal Health's total expenditures on addictions are used for treatment and prevention.
All Statistics obtained from InSite website, CMAJ article, and SafeGames2010 website.
(Thank you Meera: http://senoritabai.blogspot.com/)
12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous
1. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol -- that our lives had become
unmanageable.
2. Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
3. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we
understood Him.
4. Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.
5. Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of
our wrongs.
6. Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character.
7. Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings.
8. Made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make amends to them all.
9. Made direct amends to such people whenever possible, except when to do so would
injure them or others.
10. Continued to take personal inventory, and when we were wrong promptly admitted it
11. Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as
we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will for us, and the power to
carry that out.
12. Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this
message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.
12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous
1. We admitted we were powerless over alcohol -- that our lives had become
unmanageable.
2. Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
3. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we
understood Him.
4. Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.
5. Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of
our wrongs.
6. Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character.
7. Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings.
8. Made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make amends to them all.
9. Made direct amends to such people whenever possible, except when to do so would
injure them or others.
10. Continued to take personal inventory, and when we were wrong promptly admitted it
11. Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as
we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will for us, and the power to
carry that out.
12. Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this
message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.
